N-400 Naturalization: Path to US Citizenship 2026
Become a U.S. citizen. Complete guide to Form N-400 covering eligibility requirements, English and civics tests, and the naturalization process.
Filing Fee
$710
Online ($710) or Paper ($760)
Processing Time
12 weeks
Range: 10-16
What is Form N-400?
Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, is your path to becoming a U.S. citizen. Filing this form starts the naturalization process, which culminates in a citizenship oath ceremony where you officially become a U.S. citizen.
Citizenship provides benefits including voting rights, access to federal jobs, freedom to sponsor family members, and full protection of the U.S. Constitution.
Eligibility Requirements
You Can Apply If:
- ✓Have been a permanent resident for at least 5 years (or 3 years if spouse of U.S. citizen)
- ✓Have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months of the 5 years
- ✓Can read, write, and speak basic English
- ✓Have knowledge of U.S. civics and government
- ✓Are of good moral character
- ✓Believe in the principles of the U.S. Constitution
The Citizenship Tests
English Test
The English test evaluates your ability to read, write, and speak English at a basic conversational level.
Civics Test
The civics test assesses your knowledge of U.S. government, history, rights, and responsibilities.
- •100 questions total in question bank
- •Asked up to 10 questions (need 6 correct to pass)
- •Topics: Constitution, rights, government structure, history, citizenship
- •All civics materials provided by USCIS are publicly available for study
Required Documentation
Essential Documents:
- •Permanent resident card (green card)
- •State-issued ID or driver's license
- •Birth certificate
- •Marriage certificates (if applicable)
- •Tax returns for the last 5 years
- •Travel records (passport, travel history)
Photos and Fingerprints:
- •Two 2x2 inch photos (recent, color)
- •Fingerprints taken at biometrics appointment
Step-by-Step Filing Process
Verify Eligibility
Ensure you meet all requirements: 5 years permanent resident status, physical presence, English, civics knowledge.
Complete N-400 Form
Fill out application form with accurate information about your background, residence history, and activities.
Study for Tests
Prepare for English and civics tests. USCIS provides free study materials and practice tests online.
Submit Application
File N-400 online or by mail with filing fee of $710 and all supporting documents.
Biometrics Appointment
Attend biometrics appointment for fingerprints and photos. USCIS covers this fee.
Interview and Tests
Attend interview with USCIS officer. You'll take English and civics tests during this appointment.
Oath Ceremony
Take the Oath of Allegiance at a USCIS citizenship ceremony. You are now a U.S. citizen!
Benefits of U.S. Citizenship
- ✓Right to vote in all elections
- ✓Eligibility for federal employment and security clearances
- ✓Ability to petition for more family members
- ✓Passport and unrestricted travel
- ✓Full constitutional protections and legal rights
- ✓Protection from deportation
Legal Disclaimer: This guide is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Consult with a qualified immigration attorney before filing your N-400 application. The information provided is current as of April 2026 and subject to change.